Analog-to-Digital Converter (A/D Converter) is a device or circuit used to transform analog signals into digital representations. It takes continuous analog signals, which are usually voltage levels that can vary infinitely, and converts them into discrete digital values, typically represented as binary numbers. This conversion process involves sampling the analog signal at regular intervals and quantizing the sampled values into a specific number of bits, which determines the resolution of the conversion. The resulting digital values can then be processed, stored, or transmitted by digital systems such as microcontrollers, computers, and digital signal processors. A/D converters are essential for interfacing analog sensors, signals, and real-world data with digital systems for further analysis and manipulation.
